6/02/2006

Biografia de Rabelais (1483-1553)



François Rabelais


Rabelais nasceu Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, França, aproximadamente em 1483, uma outra data apontada é a de 1494. Rabelais morreu em 1553 em Paris.

É conhecido como um dos grandes humanistas do século XVI e XVII foi escritor, médico e monge.

Filho de um advogado do Rei, Antoine Rabelais. Rabelais começou por estudar teologia na universidade de Franciscanos de Fontenay-le-Comte onde anos mais tarde viria a ser professor de Teologia.
Por ordem de Sorbonne viu os seus livros serem confiscados.

Mudou-se então para a Ordem Beneditina de Maillezais, onde encontrou novos interesses, influenciado pela carreira do seu pai estudou direito mas o que empolgou mais foi o gosto pela medicina. Conseguiu o bacharelato de medicina na universidade de Montpellier ( 1530).

Através da medicina tentou incutir nas pessoas o gosto pela higiene contrariando a ideia da idade média, uma das suas grandes lutas foi a tentativa de acabar com pensamento da idade média.

Foi médico em Lion, onde publicou uma edição dos Aforismos de Hipócrates, mas a atingiu o auge com Pantagruel editado em 1532. Seguiu-se o Gargântua em (1534), Tiers Livre (1532), O Quart Livre (1552), Cinquième Livre, sendos todos estes livros uma colecção.

Rabelais era protegido pelo cardeal J. Du Bellay que o salva da repressão da Sorbonne,
que condenava a obra de Rabelais.

Como humanista o objectivo era mudar a mentalidade das pessoas que ainda tinham muitos ideias da Idade Média facto que Rabelais repelia.

Rabelais apreciava outros humanistas como Erasmo de Roterdão e Thomas More.

Como outros Rabelais também escreveu sobre a sua cidade ideal, mundo perfeito, mas em vez de a colocar nos confins do mundo, para Rabelasi a cidade perfeita era mesmo na França em forma de convento, a sua sociedade ideal era virada para a juventude, belos e ricos, devia ser certamente uma ironia

















A Obra era sobre as aventuras cómicas de dois gigantes, pai Gargântua e filho Pantagruel .

O livro continha também a impotência escolástica, as limitações do mundo feudal, louvava as virtudes renascentistas da liberdade e da confiança na Natureza e da educação universal.

Na obra Rabelais utiliza palavras inventadas e termos de varias línguas o que criava um efeito humorístico e crítico.


Bibliografia:

Dicionário de História de Portugal, (Dir. de Joel Serrão), Vol. XV, Livraria Figueirinhas, Porto 1979

Activia Multimédia, enciclopédia de consulta dir. do engenheiro Roberto Carneiro, Lexicultura 1997 .

Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira de Cultura, Vol. XV, Editorial Verbo, Lisboa.

Enciplopédia Universal Nauta, Vol. VII, Ediciones Nauta S. A.

http://educaterra.terra.com.br/voltaire/cultura/2003/01/23/001.htm

http://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/François_Rabelais

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabelais

http://www.todayinliterature.com/biography/francois.rabelais.asp

http://classes.bnf.fr/dossitsm/b-rabela.htm

http://hypo.ge-dip.etat-ge.ch/athena/rabelais/rab_pant.html

http://www.alalettre.com/rabelais-intro.htm

http://pages.globetrotter.net/pcbcr/rabelais.html

http://www.campo-letras.pt/autores/francois_rabelais.html

http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/rabela.htm

http://www.renaissance-france.org/rabelais/pages/pagrablais2.html

http://www.liguge.com/rab.html

http://agora.qc.ca/mot.nsf/Dossiers/Francois_Rabelais

http://www.fdn.fr/~rebours/rabelais.htm

http://www.geocities.com/dieguezmd/articles/universalis_rabelais.htm


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